![]() ![]() The images of New York deserted, with no cabs passing by, not a person walking around, made me, (but I'm sure, all of you had the same feeling) feel so sad. What gave me a sense of void was seeing the most crowded city of all, empty. ![]() When is all this going to end?Each of us is so frightned to hear the news on tv, the number of victims that increase each day, ghost towns, deserted cities. A sense of fear, of solitude, of silence crosses the thoughts of every single human on this planet. Our sons and daughters are going to study this particular time in their history books. We are able to see everything from our windowseat, from a different perspective, at home while we read a book, we paint or we write.Īll of us, all the world is living in a dark time, that we will never forget. We can see the sun's rays only from our window, or see a flower that blooms only from our own garden. We aren't able to appreciate it because most of the people in the USA and especially in Italy, must stay home. However, other legal analysts point out that the case was just a legal victory for same-sex couples without actually commenting on whether the group was under a new classification.īut this year it is different. Hodges to indicate a shift to the strict scrutiny test. LGBT advocacy groups have challenged the inclusion of the group under the rational basis test and pointed to the 2015 case Obergefell v. Classifications that fall under this test include mentally challenged people, LGBT, children of illegal aliens, etc. A law must have only a legitimate interest, and that the law rationally undertakes that interest. The lowest standard for a law to pass under an equal protection challenge is the rational basis test. Boren which invalidated a state law that implemented unequal alcohol purchasing ages. Gender was classified under the immediate scrutiny test in the case Craig v. Gender is a well known classification that falls under intermediate scrutiny protection. The law must have an important (rather than compelling) state interest and must be substantially related to achieving the interest. courts employ one of three levels of review: rational basis, intermediate scrutiny. ![]() Unlike strict scrutiny, a classification that falls under intermediate scrutiny has a lower overall threshold to justify a law that affects the class. In reviewing the constitutionality of a statute, law, or ordinance, U.S. Also, laws that target essential rights, such as the right to vote, are examined under the strict scrutiny framework. Classes that fall under strict scrutiny include race, national origin, religion and alienage. If not, the court would have to strike down the law. Even if there is a compelling state interest, the government must prove that the law is the least restrictive way to achieve the interest. Examples of compelling state interests include national security and fighting racial discrimination. Most laws do not pass strict scrutiny as both parts have very high standards to pass. These levels are: Strict Scrutinyįor a law to pass strict scrutiny, the legislation must have a compelling state interest that is done though the least restrictive means. The Supreme Court has different levels on determining if a law has infringed upon the rights of an individual (or group) under the 14th Amendment. The rational basis test is also referred to as "rational review." Further Readingįor more on the rational basis test, see this University of Virginia Law Review article, this New York University Law Review article, and this University of Notre Dame Law Review article.The 14th Amendment contains the Equal Protection Clause which aims to prevent discrimination against certain classes of individuals. The rational basis test is generally used when in cases where no fundamental rights or suspect classifications are at issue. The intermediate scrutiny test and the strict scrutiny test are considered more stringent than the rational basis test. There are three judicial review tests: the rational basis test, the intermediate scrutiny test, and the strict scrutiny test. ![]() To pass the rational basis test, the statute or ordinance must have a legitimate state interest, and there must be a rational connection between the statute's/ordinance's means and goals. A judicial review test is what courts use to determine the constitutionality of a statute or ordinance. The rational basis test is a judicial review test. ![]()
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